GEO & AI Search

Timeline: How Search Changed from 2020 to 2025

Arun Nagarathanam Aruntastic
Published: 25 Nov 2025
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Updated: 11 Jan 2026

Quick Answer

From 2020 to 2025, search transformed from a link-based discovery system to an AI-powered answer engine. Key milestones: Google's passage indexing (2020), ChatGPT's launch (2022), AI Overviews rollout (2024), and the emergence of GEO as a discipline (2024-2025). Understanding this timeline helps you see where search is heading next.

Five years doesn't sound like a long time.

But search today is almost unrecognizable from search in 2020.

If you walked away from SEO in 2020 and came back today, you'd barely recognize the landscape.

Here's exactly how we got here, year by year.

Search Evolution at a Glance

2020

Peak Traditional SEO

Passage indexing • Core Web Vitals • GPT-3 released (research only)

2021

AI Foundations

MUM announced • Entity optimization grows • Zero-click hits 65%

2022

ChatGPT Launches

100M users in 60 days • Fastest consumer adoption ever • Industry dismisses it

2023

The AI Race Begins

Bing + AI • Google SGE • GPT-4 • Perplexity gains traction

2024

Mass Adoption

AI Overviews rollout • Gartner predicts 25% drop • GEO emerges as discipline

2025

The New Normal

AI search is mainstream • Multi-platform optimization required • GEO is essential

2026

The Present

AI search continues growth • GEO becomes standard practice • Multi-engine visibility critical

  • 2020

    Peak Traditional SEO

    Passage indexing • Core Web Vitals • GPT-3 released (research only)

  • 2021

    AI Foundations

    MUM announced • Entity optimization grows • Zero-click hits 65%

  • 2022

    ChatGPT Launches

    100M users in 60 days • Fastest consumer adoption ever • Industry dismisses it

  • 2023

    The AI Race Begins

    Bing + AI • Google SGE • GPT-4 • Perplexity gains traction

  • 2024

    Mass Adoption

    AI Overviews rollout • Gartner predicts 25% drop • GEO emerges as discipline

  • 2025

    The New Normal

    AI search is mainstream • Multi-platform optimization required • GEO is essential

  • 2026

    The Present

    AI search continues growth • GEO becomes standard practice • Multi-engine visibility critical

2020

The Before

The Peak of Traditional SEO

The world: COVID-19 drives massive online adoption. Businesses rush to digital.

Key Developments:

  • Google Passage Indexing - Google starts ranking specific passages, not just pages
  • Core Web Vitals announced - Page experience becomes official ranking factor
  • Featured snippets mature - Position #0 becomes highly coveted
  • GPT-3 released - OpenAI's model shows language AI potential (but no consumer product yet)

SEO focus: Content quality, backlinks, technical optimization. The 10-blue-links era is strong but showing cracks.

What you should have done: Started experimenting with featured snippet optimization and structured data. The passage indexing announcement was a signal that Google was moving toward understanding content at a more granular level—a precursor to AI search.

2021

Foundations

Google Strengthens AI Foundations

The world: Pandemic continues. Digital becomes permanent, not temporary.

Key Developments:

  • MUM (Multitask Unified Model) - Google announces 1000x more powerful than BERT
  • Core Web Vitals go live - Page experience officially affects rankings
  • Google Knowledge Panels expand - Entity-based search grows
  • Zero-click searches hit 65% - Most searches don't result in website clicks

SEO focus: Entity optimization gains attention. Some forward-thinking SEOs start discussing "entity-first" strategies.

The warning sign: Zero-click reaching 65% should have been a wake-up call. Google was already answering questions without sending traffic. This was the trend that would accelerate with AI search.

2022

The Shift

ChatGPT Changes Everything

The world: OpenAI releases ChatGPT on November 30, 2022. Everything changes.

Key Developments:

  • ChatGPT launches (Nov 30) - Reaches 1 million users in 5 days, 100 million in 2 months
  • Google Helpful Content Update - Targets AI-generated spam (ironic timing)
  • E-E-A-T emphasis - Google adds "Experience" to E-A-T framework
  • First "AI search" conversations - Industry starts discussing AI impact on SEO

The turning point: For the first time, users could ask natural questions and get coherent, helpful answers without clicking through to websites.

SEO focus: Most SEOs dismiss ChatGPT as novelty. "It makes things up." "Users want real sources." This dismissal costs 12+ months of preparation time.

The costly mistake: The SEO industry's dismissal of ChatGPT in late 2022 meant they didn't start adapting until mid-2023 or later. Those who took it seriously immediately had a full year to experiment, build authority in AI engines, and develop GEO strategies before it became urgent.

2023

The Race

The AI Search Arms Race Begins

The world: Google declares "Code Red" internally. The search industry realizes AI is not a fad.

Key Developments:

  • Microsoft Bing + ChatGPT (Feb) - First major search engine with AI chat integration
  • Google Bard launches (March) - Google's rushed AI response
  • SGE (Search Generative Experience) announced (May) - Google's AI-powered search results in testing
  • GPT-4 released (March) - Major accuracy improvement over GPT-3.5
  • Perplexity gains traction - AI-first search engine starts attracting users
  • Claude released - Anthropic enters the chat

SEO focus: "Answer Engine Optimization" (AEO) term gains traction. Some SEOs start optimizing for featured snippets more aggressively.

The strategic window: 2023 was the year to get ahead. Competitive intensity was still low. Early movers started building entity authority, testing what AI engines cited, and developing frameworks. By late 2024, everyone was scrambling—but the early movers were already established.

2024

Mass Adoption

AI Search Goes Mainstream

The world: AI search stops being experimental. It becomes the default experience.

Key Developments:

  • Google AI Overviews (May) - SGE rebranded and rolled out to all US users
  • Gartner predicts 25% search decline by 2026 (Feb) - Major analyst firm validates the shift
  • ChatGPT hits 200M weekly users - Larger than many countries' populations
  • Perplexity valued at $9B - AI-first search is a real category
  • "GEO" term emerges - Generative Engine Optimization becomes distinct from AEO (see our complete comparison)
  • Organic traffic declines measured - 15-25% drops documented across industries

The wake-up call: SEO professionals finally see traffic declines in their own data. Denial becomes impossible.

Google AI Overview showing synthesized answers at the top of search results in 2024
Google AI Overviews became the default experience for nearly half of all searches in 2024.

SEO focus: Panic gives way to adaptation. First GEO frameworks emerge. Entity optimization becomes urgent.

2025

The Present

The New Normal

The world: AI search is no longer "the future." It's the present reality.

Current State:

  • AI Overviews in 47%+ of Google searches - Nearly half of all searches show AI answers
  • LLM referral traffic up 527% YoY - New traffic source is significant
  • GEO established as discipline - Distinct from SEO and AEO
  • Multi-platform optimization required - Google, ChatGPT, Perplexity, Claude all matter
  • Entity establishment is critical - Wikidata, Knowledge Graph, schema essential
Microsoft Copilot providing AI-generated answers, demonstrating the multi-platform nature of AI search in 2025
In 2025, users search across multiple AI platforms—Google, ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Copilot all matter.

SEO focus: Integration of traditional SEO with GEO. Focus on being cited, not just ranked. Quality over quantity becomes essential, not optional.

Where we are now: The question is no longer "Should we do GEO?" but "How fast can we implement it?" Businesses that adapted early are seeing results. Those starting now face steeper competition but still have opportunity—AI search is still evolving, and citation patterns aren't locked in yet.

What This Timeline Teaches Us

Infographic comparing Industry Predictions (5-10 year timeline with spread-out milestones) versus What Actually Happened (compressed 18-month timeline with same milestones crammed together), showing experts consistently underestimate AI adoption speed
The dramatic compression between expected and actual AI adoption timelines

Looking at this timeline, one pattern becomes clear: the industry consistently underestimated the speed of change.

In 2022, most experts predicted AI search would take 5-10 years to mature. It took 18 months.

In 2023, many thought AI search would remain a niche. By 2024, it was serving nearly half of all Google searches.

If the next 5 years follow the same acceleration pattern, those who wait will be left behind.

AI Search Adoption Trajectory

Category % of Searches with AI Answers
2020 0
2021 0
2022 5
2023 25
2024 47
2025 65
2026 75

Source: Industry estimates based on Gartner, SEJ, and Semrush data

FAQ

When did AI search become mainstream?
AI search became mainstream in 2024 when Google rolled out AI Overviews to all US users (May 2024) and ChatGPT hit 200 million weekly active users. The tipping point was when nearly half of all Google searches started showing AI-generated answers at the top of results.
What was the most important turning point in the search evolution timeline?
ChatGPT's launch on November 30, 2022 was the most significant turning point. It reached 1 million users in 5 days and 100 million in 2 months—the fastest consumer adoption ever. For the first time, users could ask natural questions and get coherent answers without clicking through to websites. This fundamentally changed user expectations for search.
How fast did the shift from traditional to AI search happen?
Incredibly fast—just 18 months from ChatGPT's launch (November 2022) to mainstream AI search (May 2024 AI Overviews rollout). Most SEO professionals expected a 3-5 year transition. The speed caught the industry off guard, which is why many businesses were still catching up throughout 2025.

Ready to Adapt to the New Reality?

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